Friday, January 13, 2012

"Game of Thrones" returns April 1 (Reuters)

NEW YORK (TheWrap.com) ? HBO's fantasy drama "Game of Thrones" will return Sunday, April 1, the network announced Friday.

The network also announced that the movie "Game Change," about John McCain's selection of Sarah Palin as his running mate in 2008, will debut Saturday, March 10. It stars Ed Harris as McCain and Julianne Moore as Palin, with Woody Harrelson as campaign strategist Steve Schmidt.

The new series "Girls," from "Tiny Furniture" star and creator Lena Durham, will debut Sunday, April 15. "Veep," which stars Julia Louis-Dreyfus as a beleaguered vice president, debuts Sunday, April 22.

HBO also announced that "The Weight of the Nation," a four-part documentary about the nation's obesity epidemic, will debut Monday, May 14 and Tuesday, May 15, with two parts airing each night.

(Editing by Chris Michaud)

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/tv/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20120113/tv_nm/us_gameofthrones

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PFT: Packers healthy, ready to go for Giants

Bill Belichick, Josh McDanielsAP

Eyebrows have been raised, in Denver and beyond, regarding the ability of the Patriots to hire former Broncos coach Josh McDaniels as an offensive assistant.? The Pats, coincidentally or otherwise, announced the move within 30 minutes or so after the Broncos beat the Steelers, setting up a prime-time Saturday night game between Denver and New England.

The move obviously complies with current NFL rules; otherwise, the NFL never would have allowed it.? The broader question is whether NFL rules should allow it.

McDaniels wasn?t fired by the Rams, where he served for one season as offensive coordinator.? Instead, the Rams opted to release McDaniels from his contract, knowing he could ? and likely would ? return to the Patriots, where he worked through the 2008 season.? If the Rams had decided not to release McDaniels from his contract until, say, after the postseason ended, McDaniels couldn?t have joined the Patriots.

And here?s where it gets even more interesting.? Rams owner Stan Kroenke, via family members, also owns the Denver Nuggets and the Colorado Avalanche.? Thus, if Broncos fans aren?t happy with the fact that the man who drafted Tim Tebow and Demaryius Thomas is running the Pats? scout-team offense this week as Bill Belichick tries to avoid having the tables turned on that 18-point win by the Patriots less than a month ago, Broncos fans can show their displeasure via the local basketball and hockey teams.

Regardless, the Rams shouldn?t have had the option to make McDaniels available.? NFL spokesman Greg Aiello explains via email that rosters become frozen once a team?s season ends, and the rosters remain frozen until the day after the Super Bowl.

So why shouldn?t the same rules apply to coaches?

That?s what seems to viscerally disturb many NFL fans.? McDaniels wasn?t fired during the Rams? season ? he worked with the Rams through the end of the season, and he has now landed with a team that is still playing.

The solution is simple.? The NFL should prohibit the hiring by a team that is still alive in the postseason of any coach who was under contract with another team when that team?s season ended.

Are we right or wrong?? Cast your ballot below.

Source: http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2012/01/11/the-packers-are-ready-to-go/related/

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Thursday, January 12, 2012

World's smallest vertebrate: Tiny frogs discovered in New Guinea

ScienceDaily (Jan. 11, 2012) ? LSU's Chris Austin recently discovered two new species of frogs in New Guinea, one of which is now the world's tiniest known vertebrate, averaging only 7.7 millimeters in size -- less than one-third of an inch. It ousts Paedocypris progenetica, an Indonesian fish averaging more than 8 millimeters, from the record. Austin, leading a team of scientists from the United States including LSU graduate student Eric Rittmeyer, made the discovery during a three-month long expedition to the island of New Guinea, the world's largest and tallest tropical island.

"It was particularly difficult to locate Paedophryne amauensis due to its diminutive size and the males' high pitched insect-like mating call," said Austin. "But it's a great find. New Guinea is a hotspot of biodiversity, and everything new we discover there adds another layer to our overall understanding of how biodiversity is generated and maintained."

Austin, curator of herpetology at LSU's Museum of Natural Science and associate professor of biological sciences, is no stranger to discovering new species, having described numerous species previously unknown to science, including frogs, lizards and parasites.

The research, which will be published in PLoS One, on Jan. 11, includes a second species of diminutive frog newly named Paedophryne swiftorum that is only slightly larger than Paedophryne amanuensis, averaging only about 8.5 millimeters in body size.

Austin's work, supported by the National Science Foundation, highlights an interesting trend among the discovery of extremely small vertebrates.

"The size limit of vertebrates, or creatures with backbones, is of considerable interest to biologists because little is understood about the functional constraints that come with extreme body size, whether large or small," said Austin.

With more than 60,000 vertebrates currently known to man, the largest being the blue whale with an average size of more than 25 meters (75 feet) and the smallest previously being the small Indonesian fish averaging around 8 millimeters, there was originally some thought that extreme size in vertebrates might be associated with aquatic species, as perhaps the buoyancy offers support and facilitates the development of extremism. However, both new species of frogs Austin described are terrestrial, suggesting that living in water is not necessary for small body size.

"The ecosystems these extremely small frogs occupy are very similar, primarily inhabiting leaf litter on the floor of tropical rainforest environments," said Austin. "We now believe that these creatures aren't just biological oddities, but instead represent a previously undocumented ecological guild -- they occupy a habitat niche that no other vertebrate does."

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Louisiana State University.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. Eric N. Rittmeyer, Allen Allison, Michael C. Gr?ndler, Derrick K. Thompson, Christopher C. Austin. Ecological Guild Evolution and the Discovery of the World's Smallest Vertebrate. PLoS ONE, 2012; 7 (1): e29797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029797

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/NRq5isgUlJI/120111223352.htm

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Send in the supplies: RoboCopters in Marines' future

Send in the supplies: RoboCopters in Marines' future [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 10-Jan-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Peter Vietti
onrcsc@onr.navy.mil
703-588-2167
Office of Naval Research

New app will allow Marines to summon a robotic helicopter

ARLINGTON, Va. -- Marines running low on ammo may one day use an app on their digital handhelds to summon a robotic helicopter to deliver supplies within minutes, enabled by technologies from a new Office of Naval Research (ONR) program.

The Autonomous Aerial Cargo Utility System (AACUS) is a five-year, $98 million effort to develop sensors and control technologies for robotic vertical take-off and landing aircraft.

"AACUS is a leap-ahead technology that allows the Navy and the Marine Corps to move beyond having a highly trained operator fly an unmanned aircraft," said Rear Adm. Matthew Klunder, chief of naval research. "The program will let us leverage advanced autonomy, but still maintain the central and critical role of the human operator as the supervisor."

Marines based at outposts or in the field will be able to request the autonomous cargo helicopters for rapid resupply of combat essentials.

"We want to turn any helicopter into a logistics machine," said Dr. Mary "Missy" Cummings, program officer for AACUS, ONR's newest innovative naval prototype. "In the near term, we want to succeed in fully-autonomous landings in austere locations, so Marines can get whatever they need on demand.

"In the long term, this could be a real life saver and revolutionize first response," she added. While rapid resupply is the immediate focus for AACUS, long-term applications could include critical medical missions such as casualty evacuation.

Program officials are seeking researchers who will develop threat- and obstacle-detection and avoidance systems, as well as autonomous landing capabilities that can operate across different types of aircraft. They expect teams from industry and academia to join forces to compete for the contracts.

Proposals are due Feb. 22. Officials plan to award up to two contracts in April.

The effort follows the Marine Corps Warfighting Laboratory's successful program to develop an unmanned system capable of hauling cargo semi-autonomously to landing zones at bases. The prototype, called K-MAX, flew its first combat mission in Afghanistan in mid-December, resupplying Marines with cargo carried in a sling-load.

AACUS, on the other hand, is aimed at internal load-carrying capacity. It will be a major leap ahead in autonomy, said Cummings. While K-MAX requires a trained operator within line-of-sight to fly, any operator will be able to call for AACUS from any location.

"It's going to be designed to work with people who have no flight experience," she said. "An operator will pick up his iPad or Android and make an emergency supply request. He'll request that the helicopter come to him and land as close to him as possible."

The helicopter not only will take off by itself, but will plan its own flight path and navigate its way through the airspace, requiring little to no input from an operator other than to verify its proposed landing site. The concept will require improvement in data processing.

"How you take the data from sensors and integrate them to make these decisionsthat's one of the big leaps," said Cummings. "It's like putting a frontal lobe on the helicopter."

###

About the Office of Naval Research

The Department of the Navy's Office of Naval Research (ONR) provides the science and technology necessary to maintain the Navy and Marine Corps' technological advantage. Through its affiliates, ONR is a leader in science and technology with engagement in 50 states, 70 countries, 1,035 institutions of higher learning and 914 industry partners. ONR employs approximately 1,400 people, comprising uniformed, civilian and contract personnel, with additional employees at the Naval Research Lab in Washington, D.C.



[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Send in the supplies: RoboCopters in Marines' future [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 10-Jan-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Peter Vietti
onrcsc@onr.navy.mil
703-588-2167
Office of Naval Research

New app will allow Marines to summon a robotic helicopter

ARLINGTON, Va. -- Marines running low on ammo may one day use an app on their digital handhelds to summon a robotic helicopter to deliver supplies within minutes, enabled by technologies from a new Office of Naval Research (ONR) program.

The Autonomous Aerial Cargo Utility System (AACUS) is a five-year, $98 million effort to develop sensors and control technologies for robotic vertical take-off and landing aircraft.

"AACUS is a leap-ahead technology that allows the Navy and the Marine Corps to move beyond having a highly trained operator fly an unmanned aircraft," said Rear Adm. Matthew Klunder, chief of naval research. "The program will let us leverage advanced autonomy, but still maintain the central and critical role of the human operator as the supervisor."

Marines based at outposts or in the field will be able to request the autonomous cargo helicopters for rapid resupply of combat essentials.

"We want to turn any helicopter into a logistics machine," said Dr. Mary "Missy" Cummings, program officer for AACUS, ONR's newest innovative naval prototype. "In the near term, we want to succeed in fully-autonomous landings in austere locations, so Marines can get whatever they need on demand.

"In the long term, this could be a real life saver and revolutionize first response," she added. While rapid resupply is the immediate focus for AACUS, long-term applications could include critical medical missions such as casualty evacuation.

Program officials are seeking researchers who will develop threat- and obstacle-detection and avoidance systems, as well as autonomous landing capabilities that can operate across different types of aircraft. They expect teams from industry and academia to join forces to compete for the contracts.

Proposals are due Feb. 22. Officials plan to award up to two contracts in April.

The effort follows the Marine Corps Warfighting Laboratory's successful program to develop an unmanned system capable of hauling cargo semi-autonomously to landing zones at bases. The prototype, called K-MAX, flew its first combat mission in Afghanistan in mid-December, resupplying Marines with cargo carried in a sling-load.

AACUS, on the other hand, is aimed at internal load-carrying capacity. It will be a major leap ahead in autonomy, said Cummings. While K-MAX requires a trained operator within line-of-sight to fly, any operator will be able to call for AACUS from any location.

"It's going to be designed to work with people who have no flight experience," she said. "An operator will pick up his iPad or Android and make an emergency supply request. He'll request that the helicopter come to him and land as close to him as possible."

The helicopter not only will take off by itself, but will plan its own flight path and navigate its way through the airspace, requiring little to no input from an operator other than to verify its proposed landing site. The concept will require improvement in data processing.

"How you take the data from sensors and integrate them to make these decisionsthat's one of the big leaps," said Cummings. "It's like putting a frontal lobe on the helicopter."

###

About the Office of Naval Research

The Department of the Navy's Office of Naval Research (ONR) provides the science and technology necessary to maintain the Navy and Marine Corps' technological advantage. Through its affiliates, ONR is a leader in science and technology with engagement in 50 states, 70 countries, 1,035 institutions of higher learning and 914 industry partners. ONR employs approximately 1,400 people, comprising uniformed, civilian and contract personnel, with additional employees at the Naval Research Lab in Washington, D.C.



[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-01/oonr-sit011012.php

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Wednesday, January 11, 2012

Barnes & Noble offers discounted Nooks with one-year subscription to The New York Times

In the market for an e-reader and a subscription to the digital edition of The New York Times? Then Barnes & Noble has a new promotion you might want to consider. From now through March 9th, it'll give you a Nook Simple Touch for free or a Nook Color for $99 if you also sign up for a one-year New York Times subscription at a rate of $19.99/month. That's a savings of $100 in both cases, and the subscription also includes access to the New York Times website in addition to the Nook version. Alternatively, you can get $50 off the Nook Tablet (bringing it down to $199) with a subscription to People, which will run you $9.99/month. Complete details are at the link below.

Continue reading Barnes & Noble offers discounted Nooks with one-year subscription to The New York Times

Barnes & Noble offers discounted Nooks with one-year subscription to The New York Times originally appeared on Engadget on Mon, 09 Jan 2012 13:56:00 EDT. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

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Source: http://feeds.engadget.com/~r/weblogsinc/engadget/~3/uMHhHwMy_DA/

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Tuesday, January 10, 2012

Getting to the root of a carnivorous plant

Sticky underground leaves help a Brazilian plant to capture and digest worms, a hitherto unknown way for carnivorous plants to catch victims, scientists find.

The rare plant Philcoxia minensis is found in the tropical savannahs of Brazil, areas rich in biodiversity and highly in need of conservation. Although some of the plant's millimeter-wide leaves grow above ground as expected, strangely, most of its tiny, sticky leaves lie beneath the surface of the shallow white sands on which it grows.

"We usually think about leaves only as photosynthetic organs, so at first sight, it looks awkward that a plant would place its leaves underground where there is less sunlight," said researcher Rafael Silva Oliveira, a plant ecologist at the State University of Campinas in Brazil. "Why would evolution favor the persistence of this apparently unfavorable trait?"

Researchers suspected the mysterious subterranean leaves of Philcoxia minensis and its relatives were used to capture animals. They share a number of traits with known carnivorous plants ? for instance, Venus flytraps possess leaves covered in glands with protruding stalks that help the plant detect prey. Like P. minensis, Venus flytraps also live in nutrient-poor soils, which is apparently why they seek out prey in the first place.

To see if Philcoxia minensis is carnivorous, the scientists tested whether it could digest and absorb nutrients from the many nematodes, also called roundworms, which end up trapped on its sticky underground leaves. They fed the plant nematodes loaded with the isotope nitrogen-15, atoms of which have one more neutron than regular nitrogen-14. Essentially, the scientists placed these Caenorhabditis elegans worms on top of underground leaves of plants kept in a lab setting.

Chemical analysis of the leaves that had been covered in nematodes revealed significant amounts of nitrogen-15, suggesting the plant broke down and absorbed the worms. The leaves also possessed digestive enzyme activity similar to that seen in known carnivorous plants, suggesting that the roundworms did not decompose naturally; the researchers speculate the leaves trapped the worms and then secreted enzymes that digested the worms.

This newfound strategy suggests "carnivory may have evolved independently more times in plants than previously thought," Oliveira told LiveScience.

"I personally think these findings also broaden up our perception about plants," Oliveira added. "They might look boring for some people because they don't move or actively hunt for their food, but instead, they have evolved a number of fascinating solutions to solve common problems, such as the lack of readily available nutrients or water. Most of the time, these fascinating processes of nutrient acquisition are cryptic and operate hidden from our view."

The scientists detailed their findings online Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Follow LiveScience for the latest in science news and discoveries on Twitter @livescience and on Facebook.

? 2012 LiveScience.com. All rights reserved.

Source: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/45932779/ns/technology_and_science-science/

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Monday, January 9, 2012

'Greeley Haven' is winter workplace for Mars rover

ScienceDaily (Jan. 9, 2012) ? NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity will spend the next several months at a site informally named "Greeley Haven." The name is a tribute to planetary geologist Ronald Greeley (1939-2011), who was a member of the science team for the Mars rovers and many other interplanetary missions.

The site is an outcrop that provides a sun-facing slope to aid in maintaining adequate solar power during the rover's fifth Martian winter. It also provides targets of scientific interest for the rover's robotic arm to examine.

Closer to the equator than its twin rover, Spirit, Opportunity did not need to stay on a sun-facing slope during previous winters. Now, however, Opportunity's solar panels carry a thicker coating of dust than in the previous winters. Unless an unlikely wind cleans the panels in coming weeks, the team will use a strategy employed for three winters with Spirit: staying on a sun-facing slope. For several months of shortened daylight before and after the southern Mars winter solstice on March 30, 2012, the sun will pass relatively low in the northern sky from the rover's perspective, and Opportunity will work on the north-facing slope.

Plans for research at Greeley Haven include a radio-science investigation of the interior of Mars, which began this week; inspections of mineral compositions and textures on the outcrop; and recording a full-circle, color panorama: the Greeley Panorama. Greeley taught generations of planetary scientists at Arizona State University, Tempe, until his death two months ago.

The radio-science investigation studies tiny wobbles in the rotation of Mars to gain insight about the planet's core. It requires many weeks of radio-tracking the motion of a point on the surface of Mars to measure changes in the spin axis of the planet.

The winter worksite sits on the "Cape York" segment of the rim of Endeavour Crater. Opportunity reached the edge of this 14-mile-wide (22-kilometer-wide) crater five months ago after three years of driving from smaller Victoria Crater, which it studied for two years.

Opportunity and Spirit completed their three-month prime missions in April 2004 and continued for years of bonus, extended missions. Both rovers have made important discoveries about wet environments on ancient Mars that may have been favorable for supporting microbial life. Spirit ended communications in March 2010 as its energy declined after losing the use of two of its six wheels, which prevented it from being able to gain a sun-facing tilt for its fourth Martian winter.

NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the Mars Exploration Rover Project for the NASA Science Mission Directorate, Washington. More information about Opportunity is online at: http://www.nasa.gov/rovers and http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov .

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/V1RpNZ24S7U/120109192512.htm

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Windows 7 Pin

Click the Start button. Paint may appear in the list that pops up. If not, type "paint" in the search window at the bottom (it has a magnifying glass next to it.) It will then appear.

Next, rick-click on the Paint symbol, and then left-click "Pin to Taskbar" (outlined here in red). The program will be pinned to the Taskbar.

Source: http://windows.about.com/od/timesavingshortcuts/ss/Win7Pin_2.htm

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Sunday, January 8, 2012

Investing In Foreign Currencies ? The Foreign exchange | Aaron ...

Creating a diversified portfolio gives you a lot more stability with your investments as well as enables you to keep on the profit side more easily. But when you already have a rather diversified portfolio and believe you are now instead knowledgeable of the stock market, then you may be ready to grow your investments in to FOREX ? the foreign exchange. When foreign currencies in the United States might take a plunge, or a insufficient growth, marketplaces in other countries do quite well and this is something that you could draw an income from.

The FOREX market, listed simply as ?FX,Inch is the biggest market of all. A lot of money can be gained from it ? as well as rather quickly, too. This market deals entirely with the exchange rates in between two foreign currencies on 5 days of the week. Two currencies will always be in every trade and they are traded the one for the other with a buy price and a market rate ? at the same time. For example, if you believe that the Japanese yen is about to increase in value, then you may offer to purchase it at $1.10 then sell it at $1.25 ? making a feasible $.15 per yen purchased. Here are some things you need to know about how to get started in the Currency markets.

Learn The Program

Trading about the FOREX is usually more difficult than the regular stock market. It is easier to lose money if you don?t know what you are doing. In order to put together people to learn to deal with the actual FOREX, although, most on the internet brokerages have specialized software that provides instruction ? up in order to about Thirty days, with ?free money? to make use of to practice until you start being able to regularly see a profit. Only then could it be wise to begin doing some actual trading. You also need to know how you can determine your national financial systems and be able to forecast their variances. Other online companies provide many free pamphlets that they will postal mail to you only for the requesting.

Potentially Safer Investing

Since all handles the FOREX require a agent, your money is potentially safer. Every contract made with an agent will have the clause in it that allows the actual broker to actually stop the actual transaction when they feel it?s a poor investment. The primary reason behind this is because you are actually using the brokerA533;s money to create the deal. When you use FOREX, you create a sort of ?loan? that gives an operating ratio of up to One hundred:1. Which means that, for $3,000, you are actually controlling $300,000.

The FOREX is also a better investment simply because there can?t be any insider trading. Coping with currencies means that the things that impact it would help to make national news. This kind of event would be known almost instantly around the world ? and everyone has use of the same news.

Easy Liquidity

Trading within currencies occurs every single day ? many trillions of dollars worth of it. Due to this feature, there is always someone who will buy or sell dollars, enabling you to have a very quick assets when needed.

No Fees

Brokers do not ask you for a charge when you create a FOREX transaction. This enables you to definitely be able to manage even better the amount of money that you commit and it enables you to chart this a little better. Brokers help to make their money with the spread of what is sold, the difference between what?s bid and also the actual selling price.

This author already writes plenty info relating to above troubles. He also writes about eye makeup, refinishing hardwood floors and not too long ago concerning new construction windows

Source: http://www.aaronjoneslaw.com/investing-in-foreign-currencies-the-foreign-exchange/

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Stephen Hawking to turn 70, defying disease

FILE In this June 19, 2006 file photo Astrophysicist Stephen Hawking speaks at an international gathering of scientists on the origins of the universe at Beijing's Great Hall of the People in China. British scientist Stephen Hawking has decoded some of the most puzzling mysteries of the universe but he has left one mystery for others to explain: How he managed to survive so long with such a crippling disease. The physicist and cosmologist was diagnosed with Lou Gehrig's disease, or motor neuron disease, when he was a 21-year-old student at Cambridge University. Most people die within a few years of the disease being identified. On Sunday, Hawking will turn 70.(AP Photo/Elizabeth Dalziel-File)

FILE In this June 19, 2006 file photo Astrophysicist Stephen Hawking speaks at an international gathering of scientists on the origins of the universe at Beijing's Great Hall of the People in China. British scientist Stephen Hawking has decoded some of the most puzzling mysteries of the universe but he has left one mystery for others to explain: How he managed to survive so long with such a crippling disease. The physicist and cosmologist was diagnosed with Lou Gehrig's disease, or motor neuron disease, when he was a 21-year-old student at Cambridge University. Most people die within a few years of the disease being identified. On Sunday, Hawking will turn 70.(AP Photo/Elizabeth Dalziel-File)

FILE In this file photo of Monday, April 21, 2008 provided by NASA, Dr. Stephen Hawking, a professor of mathematics at the University of Cambridge, left, is praised by his daughter Lucy Hawking, as he delivers a speech entitled "Why we should go into space" during a lecture that is part of a series honoring NASA's 50th Anniversary, , at George Washington University's Morton Auditorium in Washington. British scientist Stephen Hawking has decoded some of the most puzzling mysteries of the universe but he has left one mystery for others to explain: How he managed to survive so long with such a crippling disease. The physicist and cosmologist was diagnosed with Lou Gehrig's disease, or motor neuron disease, when he was a 21-year-old student at Cambridge University. Most people die within a few years of the disease being identified. On Sunday, Hawking will turn 70.(AP Photo/NASA, Paul. E. Alers, file)

FILE - In this Thursday, April 26, 2007 file photo physicist Stephen Hawking answers questions during an interview in Orlando, Fla. Famed mathematician Stephen Hawking has been rushed to a hospital and is seriously ill, Cambridge University said Monday April 20, 2009 .British scientist Stephen Hawking has decoded some of the most puzzling mysteries of the universe but he has left one mystery for others to explain: How he managed to survive so long with such a crippling disease. The physicist and cosmologist was diagnosed with Lou Gehrig's disease, or motor neuron disease, when he was a 21-year-old student at Cambridge University. Most people die within a few years of the disease being identified. On Sunday, Hawking will turn 70. (AP Photo/John Raoux. File )

FILE In this Thursday, April 26, 2007 file photo Astrophysicist Stephen Hawking is assisted off the tarmac at the Kennedy Space Center by his carer, Monica Guy, as he is applauded by members of the flight crew after completing a zero-gravity flight in Cape Canaveral, Fla. British scientist Stephen Hawking has decoded some of the most puzzling mysteries of the universe but he has left one mystery for others to explain: How he managed to survive so long with such a crippling disease. The physicist and cosmologist was diagnosed with Lou Gehrig's disease, or motor neuron disease, when he was a 21-year-old student at Cambridge University. Most people die within a few years of the disease being identified. On Sunday, Hawking will turn 70.(AP Photo/Peter Cosgrove, File )

(AP) ? British scientist Stephen Hawking has decoded some of the most puzzling mysteries of the universe but he has left one mystery unsolved: How he has managed to survive so long with such a crippling disease.

The physicist and cosmologist was diagnosed with Lou Gehrig's disease when he was a 21-year-old student at Cambridge University. Most people die within a few years of the diagnosis, called motor neurone disease in the U.K. On Sunday, Hawking will turn 70.

"I don't know of anyone who's survived this long," said Ammar Al-Chalabi, director of the Motor Neurone Disease Care and Research Centre at King's College London. He does not treat Hawking and described his longevity as "extraordinary."

"It is unusual for (motor neurone disease) patients to survive for decades, but not unheard of," said Dr. Rup Tandan, a neurology professor at the University of Vermont College of Medicine. Still, Tandan said many longtime survivors had ventilators to breathe for them ? which Hawking does not.

Hawking first gained attention with his 1988 book "A Brief History of Time," a simplified overview of the universe. It sold more than 10 million copies worldwide. His subsequent theories have revolutionized modern understanding of concepts like black holes and the Big Bang theory of how the universe began.

To mark his birthday Sunday, Cambridge University is holding a public symposium on "The State of the Universe," featuring talks from 27 leading scientists, including Hawking himself. For 30 years, he held a mathematics post at the university previously held by Sir Isaac Newton. Hawking retired from that position in 2009 and is now director of research at the university's Centre for Theoretical Cosmology.

Hawking achieved all that despite being nearly entirely paralyzed and in a wheelchair since 1970. He now communicates only by twitching his right cheek. Since catching pneumonia in 1985, Hawking has needed around-the-clock care and relies on a computer and voice synthesizer to speak.

A tiny infrared sensor sits on his glasses, hooked up to a computer. The sensor detects Hawking's cheek pulses, which select words displayed on a computer screen. The chosen words are then spoken by the voice synthesizer. It can take up to 10 minutes for Hawking to formulate a single sentence.

"The only trouble is (the voice synthesizer) gives me an American accent," the Briton wrote on his website.

It took Hawking four years to write his last book, "The Grand Design," missing his publisher's original deadline.

Hawking declined requests from The Associated Press for an interview, but his personal assistant, Judith Croasdell, spoke to the AP. She described her boss as remarkably patient.

"The way he communicates can seem frustratingly slow to most people but he doesn't let that impede his thinking," she said.

After a brief hospital stay, Hawking told her that he spent the time thinking about black holes.

Hawking typically comes into the office after a big breakfast and reading the news, Croasdell said. "He's not an early morning person, but he does stay quite late," until about 7 or 8 in the evening, she said.

Hawking's rooftop university office is crammed full of memorabilia: family photos, a miniature NASA shuttle, and a signed picture of himself with President Barack Obama and his wife, Michelle. On top of physics books sits a disability access guide for the university.

Hawking's fame has led to guest appearances on some of his favorite television shows including "The Simpsons" and "Star Trek." His animated likeness from "The Simpsons" has even been turned into an action figure ? one of which sits proudly on his office desk. There's also a Homer Simpson clock that Hawking is known to glare at when visitors are late for an appointment.

"He's a big ham, he loves the spotlight," said Kitty Ferguson, who's written two biographies of the physicist.

She said he has a wry sense of humor and has programmed his computer to respond to random encounters with people who ask if he's Stephen Hawking. "No, but I'm often mistaken for that man," his voice synthesizer deadpans.

Lou Gehrig's disease, also called amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or ALS, attacks motor neurons, cells that control the muscles. Patients typically suffer muscle weakness and wasting, become paralyzed and have problems talking, swallowing and breathing. Only about 10 percent of patients live longer than a decade.

People who are stricken at a young age, as Hawking was, generally have a better chance of surviving longer. Most people are diagnosed between 50 and 70. Life expectancy generally ranges from two to five years after symptoms like slurred speech, difficulty swallowing and muscle weakness set in. Hawking's personal physicians don't discuss his condition with the press, Croasdell said.

For some reason, the disease has progressed more slowly in Hawking than in most. Al-Chalabi and colleagues are analyzing a DNA sample from Hawking, along with those of other patients, to see if there is something rare about his disease or any genetic mutations that could explain his long survival and if that information could be used to help others.

Some experts said the type of care Hawking has, including about a dozen health workers 24 hours a day, may have extended his life expectancy.

"The disease can sometimes stabilize and then the kind of care delivered may be a factor in survival," said Virginia Lee, a brain disease expert at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. "Remaining mentally alert is also extremely important and he has clearly done that."

Hawking says he tries not to think about his limitations.

"I have had (Lou Gehrig's disease) for practically all my adult life," he says on his website. "Yet it has not prevented me from having a very attractive family and being successful in my work," he writes. "I try to lead as normal a life as possible and not think about my condition or regret the things it prevents me from doing, which are not that many."

From the office pictures documenting his achievements, that certainly seems to be the case. Framed photos show the physicist with several popes and on memorable trips to China and Easter Island.

He has even flown in a space simulator. In 2007, Hawking took a zero-gravity flight in Florida, the first time in 40 years he abandoned his wheelchair.

"That was the happiest I've ever seen Stephen," said Sam Blackburn, Hawking's graduate assistant, who accompanied him on the ride along with about a half-dozen others, including two doctors. "He just had the biggest grin on his face."

Hawking has also been married twice and has three children and three grandchildren. With his daughter Lucy, he has written several children's books on physics.

Al-Chalabi said most patients with Lou Gehrig's disease succumb after their breathing muscles stop working. He had no predictions for what the biggest health risks to Hawking's future might be.

"He is truly remarkable," Al-Chalabi said. "This is someone who's managed to find ways around every single problem the disease has thrown at him."

___

Online:

Hawking website: http://www.hawking.org.uk

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/3d281c11a96b4ad082fe88aa0db04305/Article_2012-01-05-EU-MED-Hawking-at-70/id-a4c3f575efdf47b5a0f950506712ae9e

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Saturday, January 7, 2012

Oil hovers below $103 amid mixed US supply signs (AP)

SINGAPORE ? Oil prices hovered below $103 a barrel Thursday in Asia after a report showed mixed signs about U.S. crude demand.

Benchmark crude for February delivery fell 59 cents to $102.63 a barrel at late afternoon Singapore time in electronic trading on the New York Mercantile Exchange. The contract rose 26 cents to settle at $103.22 in New York on Wednesday.

In London, Brent crude fell 3 cents at $113.67 a barrel on the ICE Futures exchange.

The American Petroleum Institute said late Wednesday that crude inventories fell 4.4 million barrels last week while analysts surveyed by Platts, the energy information arm of McGraw-Hill Cos., had predicted a decrease of 450,000 barrels.

However, inventories of gasoline added 3.4 million barrels last week while distillates rose 5.2 million barrels, the API said.

The Energy Department's Energy Information Administration reports its weekly supply data later Thursday.

Traders are also closely watching rising tensions between Iran and Western powers. Iran has threatened to close the key oil passageway Strait of Hormuz as possible retaliation to new U.S. and European economic sanctions. The U.S. has said it will not tolerate such a move.

Brent crude could temporarily jump to as high as $210 if the strait were closed, Capital Economics said.

"However, neither side would want tensions to spiral this far out of control," Capital Economics said in a report. "Indeed, the threat of another 'super-spike' in oil prices when the global economy is still so fragile is itself a very powerful reason for the West to hold off from any military action."

"By far the bigger risk is that oil prices will collapse due to an escalation of the financial crisis in the euro-zone."

Capital Economics expects Brent to trade at $85 at the end of this year while Bank of America Merrill Lynch forecasts an average price of $108 in 2012.

In other Nymex trading, heating oil fell 1.2 cents at $3.08 per gallon and gasoline futures fell 1.5 cents at $2.77 per gallon. Natural gas futures were down 1.3 cents to $3.08 per 1,000 cubic feet.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/energy/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20120105/ap_on_re_as/oil_prices

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Heen: "From Coverture to Contract: Engendering Insurance on Lives"

? Parenting Pains | Main

January 6, 2012

Heen: "From Coverture to Contract: Engendering Insurance on Lives"

Mary Heen (Univ. of Richmond) has posted "From Coverture to Contract: Engendering Insurance on Lives" (23 Yale J. Law & Econ. 335 (2011)) on SSRN. Here is the abstract:

AC

January 6, 2012 in Scholarship, Family Law | Permalink

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Friday, January 6, 2012

Trump unveils new 'Celebrity Apprentice' crew (AP)

NEW YORK ? Mob boss widow Victoria Gotti, singer Clay Aiken and IndyCar champ Michael Andretti are on tap for the next edition of NBC's "Celebrity Apprentice."

Host Donald Trump announced the new batch of contenders on Wednesday's "Today" show. They also include "Real Housewives of New Jersey" cast member Teresa Guidice, comedian Lisa Lampanelli, former Miss Universe Dayana Mendoza, rock star Dee Snider and "America Chopper" star Paul Teutul Sr.

Other contenders include radio host Adam Carolla, comedian Arsenio Hall, singer-actress Aubrey O'Day and magician Penn Jillette.

Rounding out the rivals are model Cheryl Tiegs, singer Debbie Gibson, "Star Trek" star George Takei, singer Tia Carrere, actress-model Patricia Velasquez and "Incredible Hulk" Lou Ferrigno.

"Celebrity Apprentice" returns for its new season Feb. 12.

___

NBC is owned by NBC Universal.

___

Online:

http://www.nbc.com/the-apprentice/

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/celebrity/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20120104/ap_en_tv/us_tv_celebrity_apprentice

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Thursday, January 5, 2012

Obama plans to cut tens of thousands of ground troops

WASHINGTON | Thu Jan 5, 2012 2:24pm EST

WASHINGTON (Reuters) - President Barack Obama, rolling out a new defense strategy to shrink the country's armed forces at a time of tight budgets at home, pledged on Thursday to maintain the United States as the world's dominant military power.

"Our military will be leaner but the world must know - the United States is going to maintain our military superiority with armed forces that are agile, flexible and ready for the full range of contingencies and threats," Obama told a news briefing at the Pentagon.

Emphasizing the American presence in the Asia-Pacific region, where there is growing U.S. rivalry with an increasingly assertive China, Obama cautioned the military would remain vigilant in the Middle East.

U.S. troops last month completed their withdrawal from Iraq, which was invaded in 2003 to topple dictator Saddam Hussein, and are winding down their presence in Afghanistan.

Obama, focused on boosting economic growth and curbing stubbornly high U.S. unemployment as he fights for reelection in November, said that ending those two wars was an opportunity to rebalance national spending priorities after a decade of conflict.

Noting the defense budget had witnessed "extraordinary" growth after the September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States, Obama said that pace of spending would slow but continue to grow.

"I firmly believe, and I think the American people understand, that we can keep our military strong - and our nation secure - with a defense budget that continues to be larger than roughly the next 10 countries combined," he said.

Obama has already earmarked defense budget cuts of $489 billion over 10 years. The defense budget faces an additional $600 billion in cuts after Congress failed to agree to broad deficit reduction after an August 2011 debt ceiling deal.

The president's budget proposal for 2013 will be published in early February.

"Some will no doubt say the spending reductions are too big; others will say they're too small," Obama said. "After a decade of war, and as we rebuild the sources of our strength - at home and abroad - it's time to restore that balance."

(Reporting By Matt Spetalnick and Alister Bull; Editing by Paul Simao)

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Reuters/PoliticsNews/~3/Gwfq8OyLzxg/us-usa-military-obama-idUSTRE8031Z020120105

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Jim Ross says don?t expect Brock Lesnar to appear in WWE in 2012

Maybe Dana White has nothing to worry about over the next 12 months when it comes to Brock Lesnar's contractual status.

Wrestling guru and friend of Lesnar, Jim Ross says the recently retired MMA fighter won't appear in a wrestling ring this year for several reasons:

[...] Brock dislikes, putting it mildly, traveling. Plus, he doesn't need the money even though he's smart enough to not turn down a big payday if the lay of the land is to his liking. That's why the UFC thing was good for him because he could earn big money by traveling 2-3 times per year to fight.

I could see Brock doing a major, one off WWE appearance ala a Wrestlemania, but not this year, and doing so while not even making the live Raw events that lead into it. I could also see WWE traveling to Brock to shoot vignettes to build whatever match that he might be booked.

Ross absolutely wipes out any thought of Lesnar making a major return to wrestling.

For fans who think that Lesnar will return to make a significant amount of TV dates only and then only work a handful or so of PPV's, I hate to burst your bubble, but in my opinion that simply isn't happening.

White wasn't ready to answer questions about Lesnar's possible return to wrestling, but he sounded amenable to working out something with his biggest PPV star.

When you retire, he retires under contract. I have no idea (how long the contract is). Listen, I've had my moments with Brock Lesnar but I've had a great relationship with him and we'll figure it out, no big deal. Never had a situation with a guy where we haven't done the right thing."

Source: http://sports.yahoo.com/mma/blog/cagewriter/post/Jim-Ross-says-don-t-expect-Brock-Lesnar-to-appea?urn=mma-wp11509

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Wednesday, January 4, 2012

Dennis Rodman to coach topless team

(WXYZ) - Just when you think you've seen it all from former Detroit Pistons bad boy Dennis Rodman, he has out done himself once again.

Rodman is known for his piercings, tattoos and colorful hairstyles. Now, the NBA Hall of Famer is getting back into basketball-this time as a coach for a topless women's team.

Reports say Rodman is launching a team for New York's Headquarters Gentlemen's Club. He allegedly got the idea from rival strip club Rick's Cabaret, who launched a league of its own with former Atlanta Hawk Spud Webb.

The former Piston told the New York Post he's been a customer of the strip club for years and is currently scouting talent for his team. He is said to be looking for girls over 5-foot-10 to join his squad.

Rodman says team members will wear skimpy shorts and sneakers during games, but obviously no shirts.

Copyright 2011 Scripps Media, Inc. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.

Source: http://www.wxyz.com/dpp/news/former-detroit-piston-to-coach-topless-womens-basketball-team

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Tuesday, January 3, 2012

Amber Portwood Commemorates New Year's Eve in Crowded Jail Cell


Young stars such as Selena Gomez, Lady Gaga, Demi Lovato and Justin Bieber rang in 2012 with terrific live performances last night. Countless others partied.

Amber Portwood crashed on the floor of a jail cell.

According to law enforcement sources, Indiana's Madison County Jail did not do anything to mark NYE. Visiting hours were 7:00-7:30 p.m. Amber had none.

Amber Pic

At least she wasn't alone. Due to overcrowding, Amber has been transferred out of the cell she shared with one other inmate and into a room with several others!

Portwood's prison pals' convictions range from probation violations - which is what's keeping Amber in jail for a month - to dealing a controlled substance. Nice.

The accommodations were less than luxurious. As part of moving into that large room, instead of a bed, she slept on a vinyl mattress on the concrete floor.

This is what happens when you're arrested AND fail to comply with terms of your probation, kids ... onerous tasks such as passing drug tests and obeying laws.

As we look ahead to a new year:

  • Glass half full: Things can only get better in 2012!
  • Glass half empty: Maybe not. We said that a year ago after she spent Christmas in jail in 2010. She and Jenelle Evans often find a way to lower the bar.

Source: http://www.thehollywoodgossip.com/2012/01/amber-portwood-commemorates-new-years-eve-in-crowded-jail-cell/

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The U.S. presidential race on Facebook [infographic]

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Source: http://holykaw.alltop.com/the-us-presidential-race-on-facebook-infograp

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Monday, January 2, 2012

Gray wolf crosses into California, first seen in state in 88 years

By Lisa M. Krieger lkrieger@mercurynews.com

A lone gray wolf has crossed the border into California, marking the return of a fabled creature that vanished from the state 88 years ago.

The young male, known as OR7, trotted from southern Oregon into the wilds of Siskiyou County on Wednesday night, California Department of Fish and Game officials said, citing satellite tracking data.

No one knows if he'll stay there in the forested buttes west of Lower Klamath Lake, or be joined by others. Perhaps he'll simply turn around and return north.

But his entry suggests that it may be just a matter of time before re-establishment in California of a species that has been revered, reviled and once hunted to near extinction. Wildlife officials already are preparing for how to handle the return of wild wolves, an event sure to inspire dread among ranchers fearful of losing stock to the predators.

"Whether one is for it or against it, the entry of this lone wolf into California is a historic event and result of much work by the wildlife agencies of the West," said fish and game Director Charlton H. Bonham. "If the gray wolf does establish a population in California, there will be much more work to do here."

The last confirmed wild gray wolf in California was killed in Lassen County in 1924. While they were widely distributed, they were never abundant. Any California wolf would be protected under the state's endangered species law.

OR7 -- a code that identifies the wolf's GPS

transmitter -- is a member of the so-called Imnaha pack, Oregon's oldest and largest. Wolves re-established in Oregon in 1999, and there is evidence that they are spreading across the state, possibly to start new packs elsewhere. Others have been seen in the region near Walla Walla, Wash., and Pendleton, Ore. His mother, in 2008, returned to Oregon after migrating from Idaho.

Wearing a GPS collar, OR7's wanderings have been closely tracked by biologists. He migrated 730 miles across Oregon over two months beginning last September. Over the past month, he's been in the Siskiyou National Forest, northeast of Medford. This week, he wandered south of the Oregon town of Keno, just 10 miles from the California border.

"He's doing what young males typically do -- they outgrow their pack and go out to find their own mate, to try to make a pack," said fish and game spokeswoman Jordan Traverso.

Wolves have proved to be a resilient species, after nearly being extinguished by poisoning, trapping and shooting.

The re-emergence of wolves in the Rocky Mountain West has been an unexpected success. They started to move back into northern Montana from Canada in the 1980s. Then, in a re-establishment program, the U.S. government introduced 65 Canadian wolves to Yellowstone National Park in 1995, after elk herds were destroying large tracts of vegetation.

To the surprise of federal experts, the wolves hit population targets in just seven years -- and spread. Wolf population has now reached about 1,600 across the Rocky Mountain region, with about a hundred breeding pairs. Legal wolf hunts began in Idaho and Montana.

But the wolf hunts have been controversial. In Oregon, which permits wolves to be killed if they attack livestock, two wolves from OR7's pack were killed this year. Kill orders for two more were issued after they were blamed for killing a calf, but were stayed after challenges from wildlife advocates.

If wolves gain a foothold in California, "We are concerned about a clash between wolves and livestock," said Jack King of the California Farm Bureau Federation. "We've been watching the advance very closely. Now it's come to our door stoop."

"It is a matter of numbers, and how aggressive the wolves become, that determines how much of a problem it becomes," he continued. "What forms of relief will be available to livestock producers, as restitution for losses?"

But Patrick Valentino of the San Francisco-based California Wolf Center called the wolf's arrival "great news" and "an opportunity for California to recover a top predator."

"The question is: What happens next?" Valentino asked. "Will they return? If it's up to wolves, the answer is yes. But it's up to people. Will we accept them?"

Contact Lisa M. Krieger at 408-920-5565.

Species At a glance
Gray wolves are the largest member of the canine family that includes domestic dogs, and can be gray, black or white in color.
Height: 26-32 inches at shoulder
Length: 4.5 to 6.5 feet, nose to tail
Weight: 55 to 130 pounds; males are larger than females
Life span: 7-8 years in the wild; captives have lived 10 years or more

Source: http://www.contracostatimes.com/education/ci_19643821?source=rss

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World rings in 2012 and bids adieu to a tough year

Fireworks burst over the Sydney Opera House, rigfht, as New Year's celebrations begin in Sydney, Saturday, Dec. 31, 2011. (AP Photo/Rick Rycroft)

Fireworks burst over the Sydney Opera House, rigfht, as New Year's celebrations begin in Sydney, Saturday, Dec. 31, 2011. (AP Photo/Rick Rycroft)

Fireworks burst over Sydney Harbour as New Year's celebrations begin in Sydney, Australia, Saturday, Dec. 31, 2011. (AP Photo/Rick Rycroft)

Fireworks burst over Sydney Opera House as New Year's celebrations begin in Sydney, Saturday, Dec. 31, 2011. (AP Photo/Rick Rycroft)

In this Wednesday, Dec. 28, 2011 photo, a post office official shows memorial postage stamps featuring the phrase "into the future," marking the date line switch in Apia, Samoa. When the clock struck midnight Thursday, the country skipped over Friday and moved 24 hours ahead, straight into Saturday, Dec. 31. Samoa aimed to align its time zone with key trading partners in the Asia-Pacific region by shifting west of the international date line. (AP Photo/Kyodo News) JAPAN OUT, MANDATORY CREDIT, NO LICENSING IN CHINA, FRANCE, HONG KONG, JAPAN AND SOUTH KOREA

People gather along Beach Road in Apia, Samoa, and celebrate as the time approaches 12 midnight on Thursday, Dec. 29, 2011. At midnight the country will jump forward in time, crossing westward over the international date line and effectively erasing Friday, Dec. 30, 2011, from the country's calendar. (AP Photo/Samoa Observer)

(AP) ? With glittering fireworks and star-studded celebrations from New Zealand to Times Square, the world eagerly welcomed a new year and hope for a better future Saturday, saying goodbye to a year of hurricanes, tsunamis and economic turmoil that many would rather forget.

Revelers in Australia, Asia, Europe and the South Pacific island nation of Samoa, which jumped across the international dateline to be the first to celebrate, welcomed 2012 with booming pyrotechnic displays. Fireworks soared and sparked over Moscow's Red Square, crowds on Paris' Champs-Elysees boulevard popped Champagne corks at midnight, and up to a million revelers were expected to jam New York's Times Square for the famed crystal-paneled ball drop.

But many approached the new year with more relief than joy, as people battered by weather disasters, joblessness and economic uncertainty hoped the stroke of midnight would change their fortunes.

"Once the ball drops, I won't give 2011 another thought," said Kyralee Scott, 16, of Jackson, New Jersey, whose father spent most of the year out of work. "It was a pretty tough year, but God was looking after us and I know 2012 has got to be better."

Some New York revelers, wearing party hats and "2012" glasses, began camping out Saturday morning, even as workers readied bags stuffed with hundreds of balloons and technicians put colored filters on klieg lights. The crowds cheered as workers lit the crystal-paneled ball that drops at midnight Saturday and put it through a test run, 400 feet (120 meters) above the street. The sphere, now decorated with 3,000 Waterford crystal triangles, has been dropping to mark the new year since 1907, long before television made it a U.S. tradition.

As the country prepared for the celebration, glum wasn't on the agenda for many, even those that had a sour year.

"We're hoping the next year will be better," said Becky Martin, a former elementary school teacher who drove from Rockford, Illinois, to Times Square after spending a fruitless year trying to find a job. "We're starting off optimistic and hoping it lasts."

Many expressed cautious hope that better times were ahead after a year in which Japan was ravaged by an earthquake and tsunami triggering a nuclear disaster, hurricanes wreaked havoc across the U.S. and a debt crisis threatened Europe's economy.

"Everybody's suffering. That's why it's so beautiful to be here celebrating something with everybody," said Lisa Nicol, 47, of Melbourne, Australia, who was in Times Square.

For all of the holiday's bittersweet potential, New York City always treats it like a big party ? albeit one that now takes place under the watchful eye of a massive security force, including more than 1,500 police officers.

Dick Clark, who suffered a stroke in 2004, will be back to help host his namesake New Year's Eve celebration with Ryan Seacrest, featuring performances by Lady Gaga and Justin Bieber. Gaga will then join Mayor Michael Bloomberg to lead the 60-second countdown to the New Year.

In Las Vegas, police planned to shut down a four-mile (6.4-kilometer) section of the Strip to vehicle traffic six hours before midnight, letting revelers party in the street. Casino nightclubs touted pricey, exclusive bashes hosted by celebrities including Kim Kardashian and Fergie, and fireworks were expected to shoot from the rooftops of eight of the city's most famous casinos.

Atlanta was welcoming thousands to its downtown, where a giant peach is dropped every New Year's Eve at midnight. Fireworks were to be launched from the top of the Space Needle in Seattle; in Houston, tens of thousands were celebrating at a party with country singer Delbert McClinton.

Miami has its own fruit, The Big Orange, a neon citrus with a new animated face that will rise up the side of a downtown hotel as fireworks go off nearby. The town of Eastport, Maine, will lower an 8-foot (2.4-meter)-long wooden sardine from a downtown building at midnight, in celebration of its sardine canning and fishing history.

The first worldwide celebrations started in the island nation of Samoa, which hopped across the international date line at midnight on Thursday, skipping Friday and moving instantly to Saturday.

Samoa and the neighboring nation of Tokelau lie near the dateline that zigzags vertically through the Pacific Ocean; both sets of islands decided to realign themselves this year from the Americas side of the line to the Asia side to be more in tune with key trading partners.

In Sydney, more than 1.5 million people watched the shimmering pyrotechnic display designed around the theme "Time to Dream". In London, some 250,000 people gathered to listen to Big Ben chime at the stroke of midnight. Fireworks were set off from the London Eye, the giant wheel on the south bank of the River Thames.

Hundreds of thousands of people took to Berlin's landmark Brandenburg Gate for a massive party complete with live performances from the Scorpions and other bands and a spectacular fireworks display.

Revelers in Spain greeted 2012 by eating 12 grapes in time with Madrid's central Puerta del Sol clock, a national tradition observed by millions who stop parties to follow the chimes on television.

Tens of thousands of young people in the Spanish capital gathered at six indoor "macro-parties" the city council had authorized in big venues such as the city's main sports hall.

Milena Quiroga was to be among the many there happy to move on. "I am glad to see 2011 go because it was a tough year; my restaurant laid off almost half of the staff," said the 25-year-old waitress.

World leaders evoked 2011's struggles in their New Year's messages with some ambivalence.

French President Nicolas Sarkozy warned Europe's crisis is not finished and "that 2012 will be the year full of risks, but also of possibilities."

Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin wished well being and prosperity to all Russians "regardless of their political persuasion" after large-scale protests against him.

At the Vatican, Pope Benedict XVI marked the end of 2011 with prayers of thanks and said humanity awaits the new year with apprehension but also with hope for a better future.

"We prepare to cross the threshold of 2012, remembering that the Lord watches over us and takes care of us," Benedict said. "In him this evening we want to entrust the entire world. We put into his hands the tragedies of this world of ours and we also offer him the hopes for a better future."

Several people preparing to celebrate the holiday told the AP that they would usher in the New Year hoping the U.S. Congress would become a more cooperative place. Some talked about their hopes for the presidential election. Others said they hoped to hold on to their job, or find a new one to replace one they'd lost.

An Associated Press-GfK poll conducted Dec. 8-12 found that 62 percent of Americans are optimistic that the nation's fortunes would improve in 2012, and 78 percent hopeful that their own family would have a better year. Most wrote off 2011 as a dud.

___

Contributing to this report were Associated Press writers Chris Hawley and David B. Caruso in New York, Oskar Garcia in Las Vegas, Bruce Shipkowski in Jackson, New Jersey, Dorie Turner in Atlanta, Greg Keller in Paris, Harold Heckle in Madrid, Kristen Gelineau in Sydney, Ray Lilley in Wellington, New Zealand, Frances D'Emilio in Vatican City, Meera Selva in London and Melissa Eddy in Berlin.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/cae69a7523db45408eeb2b3a98c0c9c5/Article_2011-12-31-New%20Year's%20Eve/id-5aefec0634d24b3bb12abb2a22765881

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